While much is known about risk factors for accelerated brain ageing, less has been uncovered to identify ways to prevent cognitive decline.
There is evidence that nutrition matters, and a novel study published in Nature Publishing Group Aging, from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln’s Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign further signals how specific nutrients may play a pivotal role in healthy ageing of the brain.
The team of scientists, led by Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, with Jisheng Wu, a doctoral student at Nebraska, and Christopher Zwilling, research scientist at UIUC, performed the multimodal study, combining state-of-the-art innovations in neuroscience and nutritional science, and identified a specific nutrient profile in participants who performed better cognitively.
The cross-sectional study enrolled 100 cognitively healthy participants, aged 65-75.
These participants completed a questionnaire with demographic information, body measurements and physical activity.
Blood plasma was collected following a fasting period to analyse the nutrient biomarkers. Participants also underwent cognitive assessments and MRI scans. The efforts revealed two types of brain ageing among the participants – accelerated and slower-than-expected. Those with slower brain ageing had a distinct nutrient profile.
The beneficial nutrient blood biomarkers were a combination of fatty acids (vaccenic, gondoic, alpha linolenic, elcosapentaenoic, eicosadienoic and lignoceric acids); antioxidants and carotenoids including cis-lutein, trans-lutein and zeaxanthin; two forms of vitamin E and choline.
This profile is correlated with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which research has previously associated with healthy brain ageing.
“We investigated specific nutrient biomarkers, such as fatty acid profiles, known in nutritional science to potentially offer health benefits. This aligns with the extensive body of research in the field demonstrating the positive health effects of the Mediterranean Diet, which emphasises foods rich in these beneficial nutrients,” Barbey, Mildred Francis Thompson Professor of Psychology, said.
“The present study identifies particular nutrient biomarker patterns that are promising and have favourable associations with measures of cognitive performance and brain health.”
Barbey noted that previous research on nutrition and brain ageing has mostly relied on food frequency questionnaires, which are dependent on the recall of each participant.
This study is one of the first and the largest to combine brain imaging, blood biomarkers and validated cognitive assessments.
“The unique aspect of our study lies in its comprehensive approach, integrating data on nutrition, cognitive function, and brain imaging,” Barbey said.
“This allowed us to build a more robust understanding of the relationship between these factors. We moved beyond simply measuring cognitive performance with traditional neuropsychological tests.
“Instead, we simultaneously examined brain structure, function, and metabolism, demonstrating a direct link between these brain properties and cognitive abilities. Furthermore, we showed that these brain properties are directly linked to diet and nutrition, as revealed by the patterns observed in nutrient biomarkers.”
The researchers will continue to explore this nutrient profile as it relates healthy brain ageing. Barbey said it’s possible, in the future, that the findings will aid in developing therapies and interventions to promote brain health.
“An important next step involves conducting randomised controlled trials. In these trials, we will isolate specific nutrients with favourable associations to cognitive function and brain health, and administer them in the form of nutraceuticals,” Barbey said.
“This will allow us to definitively assess whether increasing the levels of these specific nutrient profiles reliably leads to improvements in cognitive test performance and measures of brain structure, function, and metabolism.”
The National Institutes of Health recently launched a ten-year strategic plan to significantly accelerate nutrition research.
SOURCE: Neuroscience News
